The knee contains two C-shaped “menisci”, which are made of “fibrocartilage” and act like complex shock-absorbers within the knee. The medial meniscus is on the inside / internal side of the knee, and the lateral meniscus on the outside.

The menisci are susceptible to damage during extreme rotational and angular movements of the knee, such as might occur during a sports injury. “Degenerate” menisci are also susceptible to damage during relatively minor injuries. The end result is usually a meniscal tear, which typically causes immediate pain, and swelling, which may take a few hours to fully develop.

The initial treatment involves rest, ice, compression and elevation (RICE) for 48-72 hrs, followed by rehabilitation, preferably guided by a physiotherapist or sports therapist. Some meniscal injuries are able to heal, or are small enough to allow full function.

Often, however swelling and pain will persist, and symptoms such as “locking” (inability to fully straighten the knee) or giving way may be troublesome. The diagnosis is often made on examination, and can be confirmed with an MRI scan. If symptomatic, a keyhole operation (arthroscopy) is usually necessary, when the torn remnant of meniscus is either partially removed or, when appropriate, repaired. If the knee is permanently “locked”, then an urgent arthroscopy is imperative to restore knee function.

The outcome of surgery for isolated meniscal injury is usually good, and return to full function is achieved in the majority of cases.